Limbic 365January is Thyroid Awareness Month, a time to bring attention to thyroid disorders and the impact they have on millions of people worldwide. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, produces hormones that regulate various bodily functions, such as metabolism and energy levels. When this gland produces too much or too little hormone, it can cause a range of health problems.
Thyroid disorders affect people of all ages and genders, but women are more likely to develop them than men. In fact, up to 20% of women may develop a thyroid disorder at some point in their lives (American Thyroid Association, 2022). While thyroid disorders are common, many people may not even realize they have one. This article will cover some of the frequently asked questions about thyroid disorders and help you understand how to recognize and manage them.
What are the different types of thyroid disorders?
There are several types of thyroid disorders, including:
- Hypothyroidism: This occurs when the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormone, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and depression.
- Hyperthyroidism: This occurs when the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, leading to symptoms such as anxiety, weight loss, and increased heart rate.
- Thyroid nodules: These are abnormal growths on the thyroid gland that can be cancerous or non-cancerous.
- Thyroid cancer: This is a type of cancer that affects the thyroid gland and can spread to other parts of the body.
What are the symptoms of thyroid disorders?
The symptoms of thyroid disorders can vary depending on the type of disorder. Some common symptoms of hypothyroidism include:
- Fatigue
- Weight gain
- Cold intolerance
- Depression
- Dry skin and hair
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include:
- Anxiety
- Weight loss
- Rapid heartbeat
- Increased sweating
- Insomnia
Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer may not cause any symptoms at all, but they can sometimes cause a visible lump in the neck or difficulty swallowing.
How are thyroid disorders diagnosed?
Diagnosing thyroid disorders typically involves a physical exam, blood tests, and imaging tests. A doctor may check the size and shape of the thyroid gland and feel for any nodules or lumps. Blood tests can measure levels of thyroid hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Imaging tests, such as ultrasound or a thyroid scan, can provide more detailed information about the thyroid gland and any nodules or lumps.
What are the treatment options for thyroid disorders?
Treatment options for thyroid disorders depend on the type of disorder and the severity of symptoms. Hypothyroidism is usually treated with synthetic thyroid hormone replacement therapy, which helps to restore normal hormone levels. Hyperthyroidism may be treated with medication to block the production of thyroid hormone, or with radioactive iodine therapy to destroy the thyroid gland.
Thyroid nodules and cancer may require surgery to remove the affected tissue, followed by radiation or chemotherapy in some cases.
Thyroid disorders can have a significant impact on a person’s health and well-being, but with proper diagnosis and treatment, many people are able to manage their symptoms and live normal, healthy lives. If you’re experiencing symptoms of a thyroid disorder, talk to your doctor about getting tested and finding the right treatment for you.
